想要真正掌握英语，需要什么样的能力？那就是要做到任何一句中国话，都能用英语表达出来。
虚词：介词（in，at，on），连词（and，but，or）
实词：有具体含义的词。名词，形容词（修饰名词），动词，副词
五种类型的动词，产生五种句型。系动词，不及物动词，及物动词，不完全及物动词，授予动词。
一、系动词分四大类：linking verb
1、be动词。在be动词之后有三大类表语：名词，形容词，副词。
2、状态保持动词。Keep，remain，stay。这三个词后面只能加adj做表语，可以和be动词无缝切换。
3、状态改变动词。Become，get，come，go，grow，turn。
4、感官动词。Look，sound，smell，taste，feel。翻译为……起来。后面只能接adj做表语，相当于adj的分词，介词短语也是adj。
1. n. Tim is an engineer. The price is ¥2000. I am a student.
adj. The play was very interesting. The milk is in the refrigerator.
adv. Your sister is here these days. My bedroom is downstairs.
2. You should keep quiet! No one can remain youthful forever. The water stayed fine for a week.
3. become是一个万能词，既可以表示变成，这时候后面只能接名词。He became a teacher.
同时也可以表示变得，后面一般接adj。He became very nervous.
get表示变得怎么样，后面只能加adj。He got very angry.
come 变好，go变坏。
4. I felt very nervous when I went into his office. He looked very angry. They were all hungry and the food smelled good.
注：感官动词之后绝不能直接加名词作表语，如要加名词，必须用感官动词+介词like+名词，此时翻译为像……。
The sun looks like an orange globe. You look like a dead man.
造句练习一：
1. 每件事都很有序（in good order）。Everything is in good order.
2. 我的房子就在这里。My house is here.
3. 这辆车看起来很棒。The car looks very good.
4. 鳄鱼肉尝起来就像鸡肉。Alligator meat taste like chicken
5. 地震期间你应该保持冷静。You should keep calm during an earthquake.
6. 迈克去年成为一名职业篮球运动员。Mike became a professional basketball player last year.
7. 天气变得寒冷而多风（cold and windy）。The weather has turned cold and windy.
二、不及物动词intransitive verb。主语+谓语。vi. 判断这类动词，把这个动词前面加上被字看看是否正常。正常vt，不正常vi。
I dance. 这类句型，一般来说都有带状语，来进一步说明这个动作发生的时间、地点、目的……。
Detectives(主) were waiting(谓) at the airport(地点状语) all morning.(时间状语)
They were talking(谓) loudly(方式状语)
很多动词，本身就既可以作不及物动词，也可以做及物动词，除上述判断方法外，得在具体语境中判断。
造句练习二：
1、 鸟儿快乐的唱歌。The birds sing happily.
2、 这场雨下午会停。The rain will stop this afternoon.
3、 孩子们正在公园里玩耍。The children are playing in the park.
4、 我的老师昨天在医院里去世了(pass away)。My teacher passed away in hospital yesterday.
三、及物动词transitive verb。主+谓+宾。vt. 有些短语相当于vt，称为vt短语。
Yesterday(时间状语), a pigeon(主) carried(谓) the first message(宾) from Beijing to Shanghai(地点状语).
The bird covered the distance in three minutes. The bride and the groom cut the wedding cake together. I had an amusing experience last year. This wonderful plane can carry serve passenger.
造句练习三：
1、 老师在教室的墙上贴了一些照片。The teacher put up some pictures on the wall in the classroom.
2、 在公共场合你应该尊重老人。You should respect the old in public place.
3、 他一周前开始节食。He began his diet a week ago.
4、 他于1935年9月创造了一项新的世界记录。He set up a new world record in September
1935.
5、 只有极少数人能实现他们的梦想。Only very few people can realized their dreams.
四、不完全及物动词。主+谓+宾+宾补。Incomplete transitive verb. ivt.使……，让……。
最常用的不完全及物动词，使役动词，使……做……。make，have，let，get
make/have/let+宾语+动词原形（补语）get+宾语+动词不定式（补语）
I made him wash the car. I got him to wash the car.宾语+补语能构成一个完整的句子。
造句练习四：
1、 炎热的天气使我感到昏昏欲睡（feel lethargic）。The hot weather made me feel lethargic.
五、授予动词。主+谓+间宾+直宾。Dative verb
最常用的授予动词：give，send，tell，teach，pay，show，offer。
Richard mattes gave the tester six different kinds of things.
I sent him a book in reward for his help.
The scientist told us many stories about birds.
A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian, then he lent me a book.
Yesterday I paid him a visit. Then he showed me the contents of the parcel.
造句练习五：
1、 情人节他送给女友一束花。He gave his girlfriend a bunch of flowers on Valentine’s Day.
He gave a bunch of flowers to his girlfriend on valentine’s Day.
2、 请寄给我一张收到此款的收据。Please sent me a receipt for the money.
3、 他告诉我几个关于英语老师的神奇故事。He told me some magical stories about our English teacher.
句子成分：主、谓、宾、表、补、定、状、同位语。
定语就是一个句子里用来界定、限定名词的部分。
如：1、一个高个子的，留着长头发的，穿着红色衣服的，喜欢学习英语的学生。He is a tall student with long hair who wears red clothes and likes learning English.
2、 （那个）（穿着红色连衣裙的）美女是（我们班的）班长。The beautiful woman in red dress is the monitor of our class.
3、 （这些）（可爱的）孩子们（一直）生活（在美丽的大山里）。These lovely children have been living in the beautiful mountains.
4、 （放学以后），（这几个）（高中）学生（到游戏厅里面）打游戏。After school, the high school students went to the arcade to play games.
5、 （我们每个人的）努力让（我们伟大的）祖国（迅速）发展。The efforts of every one of us make our great motherland develop rapidly.
6、 我（每天晚上）（睡觉前）（都要）讲给孩子（一些）（有意义的）童话。 Every night before I go to bed, I have to tell my children some meaningful fairy tales.
I have to tell my children some meaningful fairy tales before I go to bed every night。
丘吉尔的学习方法：
1、 了解句子成分的具体含义，识别出句子的不同成分。
2、 学习时态，语态等基础知识。
3、 学习从句的构句方法，把一个长句子变成一个句子成分，把不同句子成分组合。
4、 用彩色的笔标注不同的句子成分，从句子相关成分中，积累相关用法。
5、 把复杂句拆成若干个简单句，设定好主语宾语，采用学习的规则，拼成长句子。
英语中95%的定于遵循前小后大的法则。
单个单词组成的定语（限定词，形容词，分词及所有格）放在所修饰的名词前面。
两个以上的单词组成的定语（of所有格，形容词短语，介词短语，分词短语，不定式短语）放在所修饰的词后面。
They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamonds from south Africa.
Mrs. Rumbold was a large unsmiling lady in a tight black dress.
First of all, he went out a long list of all the foods.
造句练习六：
1、 我喜欢桌上那本书。I like the book on the desk.
2、 他们正在研究一个关于贸易标准的复杂问题（trading standard）。They are studying a complicated problem about trading standard.
3、 我将告诉你们昨天老师给我讲的那个非常有趣的关于月亮的中国古代故事。I will tell you the very interesting old Chinese story about the moon that my teacher told me yesterday.
状语：用来描述一个动作的细节特征的成分，汉语里边常见的对应成分就是“……地”。
表达时间，地点，方式的状语，也可以不带“地”字翻译。如：在教室里唱歌，用古典的方式唱歌。
副词adverb，状语adverbial，都是用来加强动词的。除了修饰动词外，状语也可以修饰除了名词之外的任何词（如：adj，介词，连词，还可以修饰副词本身）。
副词在句子中处于一个副手位置，就是辅助地位。When，where，how表时间，地点，方式程度。
表达时间的：now，just now。表达地点的介词短语，如：in the house。
小状语（单独的副词）放在其所修饰的词语之前：修饰动词时没放在动词之前。修饰其它成分（形容词，介词，连词，副词）时，放在其他成分之前。
We are now living in a beautiful new house in the country.
Letters will cost a little more, but they will certainly travel faster.
大状语（2个及以上单词构成的状语），如：介词短语，不定式短语，状语从句，放在整个句子的两头，放在开头时一般加（，）。
On Wednesday evening, we went to the town hall.
I was having dinner at a restaurant when Tony came in.
当句子中同时出现几个时间或地点状语时，从小到大排列。We landed in America at 8 o’clock on June 15th 2012.
We live at number 35, south Renmin road, Chengdu.
句子后面有多种状语时，顺序是(方式-地点-时间)。He put his milk bottles carefully on the doorstep every morning.
同位语：句中指代同一事物的两个词、短语或从句，称为同位关系。My sister, Helen Wilson， will travel with me.
造句练习七：
1我的英语老师Brent Peter先生是加拿大人。My English teacher, Mr. Brent Peter, is a Canadian.
2、昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother’s.
3、我们中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.