Unit 1 What’s the matter?

一、基础知识

1. What’ s the matter? 怎么啦？出什么事情了？

【解析】matter/ ' mætə(r)) /n.问题；事情

What’ s the matter with you?

= What’s the trouble with you?

= What’ s wrong with you? 你怎么了？

【注】： matter 和trouble 为名词， 其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词，wrong 是adj. 不能加the

【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时， 与介词with连用。即：

What’s the matter with sb.? = What’s your trouble? = What’s up? = What happens to sb.?

— What’s the matter with you ?

— I have a bad cold.

2. I had a cold.我感冒了。

have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu感冒

have a fever 发烧 have a cough咳嗽

have a stomachache胃疼，肚子疼

have a toothache牙疼 have a headache头疼

3. 身体部位+ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词

stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache后背痛

4. much too+ 形容词，意为 太......

too much+名词，意为 很多，大量 。

5. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地

enough放在名前后，形副后。

good enough足够好，

enough money=much money

6. lie down躺下

lie 躺，躺着，过去式lay；lie说谎，过去式lied

7. maybe “或许”

常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。

Maybe you are right.

may be，是情态动词+be的结构，意为“可能，也许”，后加名词、代词或形容词。

He may be angry.

8.sound like+名词代词和从句：

It sounds like you don’t know the truth.

It sounds like a good idea.

sound+形容词，“听起来，好像”，

The music sounds nice.

9. need 需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物；

need to do sth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class.

need doing sth.主语通常是物，

表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing.

10. get off (the bus) 下（公交车）

get on 上车

11. agree 同意，赞同；

agree with sth. 同意某事

如：I agree with that idea.

agree to sb. 同意某人的意见

如：I agree to LiLei.

12. trouble问题，麻烦 ；

be in trouble遇到麻烦，

make trouble 制造麻烦 ，

have trouble (in) doing sth.

=have difficulties (in) doing sth做......有麻烦。

13. right away=right now=at once，意为 马上 。

14. advice [不可数名词]劝告，建议，向…征求意见，

give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建议；

advise [动词]

advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事

advise sb. doing sth.【复习】

15.exercise 练习、锻炼

当exercise意为“练习”时，为可数名词 即可加s

当exercise意为“锻炼”时，为不可数名词 即不加s

16. hurt 及物动词，使……疼痛，……受伤，

He hurt his leg while exercising.

不及物动词，……（部位）疼。

His leg hurt badly.

17.clean 【动词】打扫，

clean the classroom打扫教室，

【形容词】 干净的 ，

cleaner意为 清洁工 。

18. hit （用手或器具）打；击打

The boy hit the dog with a stone.

hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背，

on用在所打较硬的部位；

hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，

in用在所打较软的部位。

be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了……、做某事，强调状态；

His grandpa was used to country life.

Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning.

19.get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. “变得习惯，逐渐适应……”强调过程、动作：

It’s difficult for one to get used to another country’s habit.

20. 【复习】free [形容词]空闲的

free time；

免费的the drink is for free；

自由的I want to become a free bird.

21.free【动词】使……解脱，得到自由：

He could not free his arm.

run out用完，用尽

When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.

物sth. run out. 某物用尽了。

人sb. run out of sth. 人用尽了某物。

He run out of all his money last night.

22. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事

take a risk=take risks 冒险

23. the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性

We students should know the importance of (learning) English.

importance n. 重要（性），

important adj.重要的，

unimportant adj.不重要的

24.decision 【名词】决定；抉择；

make a decision 做决定 ;

make a decision to do sth.= decide to do sth. 。

25. be in the control of …掌管，管理

The headmaster is in the control of this new school.

be out of control无法控制，无法管理

be under control被控制住，在控制之中

26. 【复习】mind意为 介意

mind doing sth. 介意做某事 ,

Would you mind my opening the window?

27. give up (doing) sth. 放弃（做）某事

give up (playing) computer games；

give up后可接名词、代词和动词ing形式，也可不接，

如: Never give up easily.

二、重点语法

【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。

数 人称

第一人称

第二人称

第三人称

单数

myself

yourself

himself herself itself

复数

ourselves

yourselves

themselves

【用法】

1. 可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。

如：Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well.

2. 可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。 如： She isn’t quite herself today.

3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。

如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week.

4. 用在某些固定短语当中。

look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己

teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自学

enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快

help oneself to sth 请自用……（随便吃/喝些……）.

hurt oneself摔伤自己

say to oneself自言自语

leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下

buy oneself sth.给自己买……东西

introduce oneself 介绍……自己

【提醒】

1. 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。 如：我自己能完成作业。

（误）Myself can finish my homework. (正) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.

2. 反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的（东西）”时，须要用one’s own.

如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。（误）I’m drawing with myself crayons. (正) I’m drawing with my own crayons.