关于believe和believe in,无论学生还是老师都很头疼。就像得了阿尔兹海默症似的,一会儿明白、一会儿糊涂。
先来看我遇到的两道题吧!
Boys and girls, ______ yourselves. After working hard, all of you will succeed.
A.believe in B.believe of C. believe
Tom always lie to me. I don't want to ______ a single word he says.
A.believe in B.believe C.believe at
带着这两道题,我们来进行今天的讲解。
1.Believe词条①:
及物动词, to feel certain that something is true or that someone is telling you the truth.(英文解释来自牛津高阶词典)
进一步解释:这里有两个部分,一是相信某事是真的;而是相信某人讲了真话。这里,我们理解的时候,要跟他的对立面去比对,就是说这个事儿不是假的,某人说的话也不是假的。是"真与假"里面的"真"。
Believe + 人例句:I don't believe you. 这句话你可以翻译成"我不相信你",但英文的理解更偏向于I don't think your words are true. 这个宾语虽然是"人",但要翻译成"人说的话"才更准确表达出英文的意象。(英文例句来自牛津高阶词典)
例句:The man claimed to be a social worker and the old woman believed him. 这句话你也可以翻译成"老太太相信老头",但要理解成为"老太太相信老头说的话",老头说的话的具体内容是"他是一个社会工作者"。(英文例句来自牛津高阶词典)
例句:Believe me, she's not right for you. 相信我说的话吧,我不骗你,她不适合你。言外之意,这个人苦口婆心,劝了好久。(英文例句来自牛津高阶词典)
Believe + 事儿I believed his lies for years. 根据英文词条的解释,自然能理解到位:他说谎好多年,而我却一直认为他说出来的每个字都是真的。(英文例句来自牛津高阶词典)
I find that hard to believe. 要理解成:要想相信那件事是真的,挺难的。我觉得那件事儿肯定是假的。(英文例句来自牛津高阶词典)
Don't believe a word of it. 要理解成:不相信关于那件事的每个字儿。我觉得对于那件事的描述的每个字儿都是假的。(英文例句来自牛津高阶词典)
Don't believe any part of what sb is saying. 别人说了啥,你都不要相信,因为任何那个人说的话,每一个标点符号,都是假的。(英文例句来自牛津高阶词典)
People used to believe that the earth was flat. 人们过去相信地球是平的,人们过去认为这件事、这个认知是正确的,不是假的。(英文例句来自牛津高阶词典)
He refused to believe that his son was involved in drugs. 这位老父亲拒绝接受"儿子吸毒"的事实。他拒绝相信"这个事实"是真的,他坚持相信"这个事实"是假的。(英文例句来自牛津高阶词典)
词条②:
不及物动词,to have a religious faith. 翻译成汉语,believe可以是"信仰上帝","有信仰"。不及物动词,后面不需要加宾语。(英文例句来自牛津高阶词典)
例句:The god appears only to those who believe. 这里的believe要翻译成"信仰上帝"。整句话翻译成"心诚则灵"。(英文例句来自牛津高阶词典)
小结:
Believe + 人:表示相信人的话。
Believe + 事儿:表示相信这事儿是真的。
Believe + 话语words:表示相信这话是真的。
2.Believe in词条①:
To feel certain that sb/sth exists.
搭配:believe in sb / believe in sth
进一步解释:相信某人或某事的存在。这里是强调"存在感",而不是强调"真假对错"。
例句:Do you believe in God? 需要理解为:你是否相信上帝的"存在"。虽然你翻译成汉语可以简单说"你信神吗?",但英语一定要理解到信不信神的存在,最终要落实到"存在与否"。(英文例句来自牛津高阶词典)
词条②:
to feel that you can trust sb and that they will be successful.
搭配:believe in sb,此时的believe in只接sb,不接sth。believe in sb = trust sb
进一步解释:信任某人、信赖某人。这里强调的是"信任、依赖",而不强调"相信某人的话",完全是相信这个人,或者是这个人的能力。
例句:They need a leader they can believe in. 需要理解为:他们需要一个值得信赖的领导,带着他们大踏步前进。而不是他们相信领导所说的话。他们就像找一个这么样的人,从此以后大树底下好乘凉。(英文例句来自牛津高阶词典)
词条③:
to think that sth is good, right or acceptable.
搭配:believe in sth,此时的believe in只接sth,不接sb。
进一步解释:愿意接纳,可以赞同,表示认同。believe in = support
例句:I don't believe in hitting children. 我认为打孩子这件事儿不咋地,不能接受,于心不忍。这里强调的是对打孩子这件事是否赞成,而不强调"信不信赖、或打孩子这种事儿是否存在"。Believe in sth只是用来表达自己的一个态度的。(英文例句来自牛津高阶词典)
3.believe和believe in的逆向记忆
相信人的话:believe sb相信某件事:believe sth相信神佛鬼怪:believe in信赖某人:believe in sb认同支持:believe sth
4.believe和believe in的比较记忆
believe sb和believe in sb:前者表示相信对方说的话;后者表示相信他这个人。一个强调"说出来的话对不对、是真是假";一个强调"这个人值不值得信赖、依靠、托付"。
细品例句:
If you believe someone, you think that person is telling you the truth.
Nobody will believe in you unless you believe in yourself first.
If you believe in yourself, you can succeed.
I've never believed in John.
That's not true. I believe in him. He can never do such things.
You've got to believe in yourself, or you'll never succeed.
I promise I didn't do it, and you should believe me.
believe sth和believe in sth:前者表示相信这件事是真的;后者表示支持某种行为。一个强调"事件的真假";一个强调"对某件事持有什么态度,是支持还是反对。"
细品例句:
If you believe something, you think it is true.
Nobody believed what he said,because he always told lies.(狼来了)
Do you believe that he was admitted to HIT? I can't believe it.
I never believe the things that I've never seen in person.
I couldn't believe my eyes when the gas bottle exploded.
We couldn't believe her luck when we held the gold metal.
The old mother firmly believes that her son is still alive, and will come back one day.
Finally, do not believe a word of this article.
Don't believe a word of what he said.
I believe completely in the need for exercise.
I believe in traveling light.
I believe in having more vegetables and fruit.
I believe in your ability to get this problem solved.
总的来说:believe更侧重于事儿(的真伪);believe in更侧重于人(的品质、能力)。
believe更侧重相信"表面";believe in更侧重相信"内在",信得很深。
5.不容易出错如下用法,基本上不容易出错,同学们都很容易理解。
相信神佛I believe in the Bible.
I believe in God.
I believe in ghosts.
Does he believe in any religion?
He believes in Christianity.
相信存在She believes in miracles.
He believes in ancient myths. If people didn't believe in some advanced theories, things would not be achieved.
If people didn't believe in ideals, great things would not be accomplished.
表达观点I believe that exercise is good for health.
I don't believe he can finish the task.
6.容易混淆
宾语同是人宾语同是人的时候,我们一定要分析主语究竟信的是什么。如果信这个人说的话,那么用believe;如果信这个人本身,觉得他值得信任,那么用believe in
例句:I believe what he said, but I don't believe in him.
第一层意象:我信他的话,但我不信他的这个人。
第二层意象:对于他这个人的所有方面我都不太信任,但他刚才说的话我觉得还比较有道理。
例句:You can believe him, don't believe in him.
第一层意象:你可以信他说的话,但不要相信他这个人。
第二层意象:你可以相信他的花言巧语,但是这个人不值得托付,可以信他这一次,别事事都盲目接受。
宾语是反身代词的人Believe in yourself. 相信你自己,强调相信自己的能力、水平,对自己表示肯定,给自己打气。
Believe yourself. 表面上看是相信你自己说的话,但实际不可以。Believe后多加人称代词的宾格,因为主语和宾语多数情况下是不同的。但如果我们硬是要表达"你自己要相信你自己所说的话",好像也可以用You should believe yourself. 但这样的句子几乎不存在。改成You should believe what you have said.这种是常见的。
宾语同是事儿宾语同是事儿的时候,我们需要搞清楚动词强调的角度。Believe强调"真假";believe in强调"认不认可"
Believe + 事儿:这里的事儿多是"话语"、"故事"、"内容"等能表达出来的跟语言相关的名词。
"We cannot say we're relieved, but there is no other way but to believe their words, that they're going to do their best," he said. (例句来自NPR新闻)
For the record, we believe every word of this statement. (例句来自Forbes新闻)
Believe in + 事儿:这里的事儿多是"doing短语"、"ability"等不能表达"真假"的词汇。
比如:All of you are here because you believe in yourselves, you believe in yourself, you believe in the future of this country. (例句来自美国白宫奥巴马演讲)
比如:Believe in your own ability to change. (例句来自Forbes新闻)
宾语同是"话"Believe one's words: 相信这个人的话,说的都是真的,没有虚假成分。
Believe in one's words:愿意接受他的话,愿意支持他的话,觉得他的话可以接受,但不一定对方的话就是对的。虽然可能是假话,但我支持假话。
7.我们做几道习题吧(1)Boys and girls, ______ yourselves. After working hard, all of you will succeed.
A.believe in B.believe of C. believe
(2)Tom always lies to me. I don't want to ______ a single word he says.
A.believe in B.believe C.believe at
(3)—— I ______ that we've met before.
—— Oh, I don't think so. I've never been here before.
A.believe in B.believe C.believe at
(3)When I saw so many models of places of interest in the World Park,I simply couldn't ______my eyes.
A.believe in B.believe C.believe at
答案:
(1)答案:A 相信自己,不强调自己的话,而强调自己的能力。
(2)答案:B 相信的内容是话语的真实性。尤其是前半句说对方总说谎话,所以相信的内容应该是"真伪",而不是"接不接受"。如果这个句子改成Considering his situation, I believe in his words. 对他的话表示理解,即便不相信他说的话是真的。
(3)答案:B。横线后面是一句话,一个句子基本上都是跟"真伪"相关,而不是"支持"、"认可"。此处的believe = think
(4)答案:B。本句强调的依然是"相不相信眼睛看的东西是真实的"。强调它是真的还是假的。
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作者:王兴刚老师,前高校英语教师,现教育行业创业者,英语教学16年。本头条号的日常推文主要包括:关于教育问题的理解与感悟,关于英语知识的梳理和剖析,关于英语考点的讲解与总结。
该文同步发布于本人微信公众号(王兴刚老师英语教学)。